碳達峰碳中和背景下推進供熱低碳轉型的路徑思考

摘要：推進供熱低碳轉型既與民生改善密切相關，也是實現碳達峰、碳中和目標的重要領域。該文分析了我國建筑供熱現狀，判斷供熱需求趨勢，并介紹了供熱先進技術，提出我國建筑供熱低碳轉型的實施路徑和政策建議。本文認為我國北方城鄉供暖用能需求將逐漸進入峰值期，但南方家庭供暖需求和居民生活熱水用能需求還將大幅增長。針對不同氣候區和建筑類型的供暖需求特點，應采取不同的低碳供熱路徑，北方城鎮建筑供暖應充分利用好既有的集中供熱管網資源，著力優化熱源結構；北方農戶繼續推行清潔取暖，開展散煤替代；南方家庭優先發展分戶供熱，鼓勵以電代氣。建議應把供熱低碳轉型納入構建以新能源為主體的新型能源系統統籌考慮，出臺支持政策發展可再生能源供熱，調整天然氣價格、供熱計量等政策，同時加強技術研發示范，鼓勵創新供熱應用模式。

 

關鍵詞：碳達峰、碳中和；供熱；低碳轉型；路徑

 

Abstract: The low carbon transformation in heating area is an important field to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality strategy in China, which is closely related to people's livelihood improvement. In this paper, the current situation of heating in building sector in China has been analyzed, and the trend of the heating demand has been judged too. Meanwhile, this paper introduces some advanced heating technologies, and puts forward the pathways for heating to low carbon transformation and several policy suggestions. This point regarding the trend of heating demand in building sector in China is that, the energy consumption for space heating demand in north China is gradually increased to near peak, but energy consumption demand for space heating and residents' hot water in south China would increase sharply. The pathways for low carbon transformation in heating area should be different based on the different heating demand characteristics. For urban areas in the north, we should make full use of existing central heating pipelines resources and focus on heat source structure optimization. For rural areas in the north, continue to carry out the bulk coal substitute. Families in the South give priority to household heating and encourage electricity instead of gas. This paper suggests that the low carbon transformation in heating area should be considered as a part of whole to the new energy system strategy in China, and develop renewable energy heating, adjust the current policies of price of natural gas and heat metering, in addition to strengthen technology research and development, encourage innovation of heating application mode.

 

Key words: Carbon Peak & Carbon Neutrality; Heating; Low Carbon Transformation; Pathways

 

     推進城鄉供熱領域低碳轉型，既與改善民生密切相關，也是實現碳達峰、碳中和目標需要關注的重點領域。目前，我國北方城鎮建筑是以燃煤熱電聯產為主的大中型集中供熱系統，作為主要供熱方式，以保障冬季室溫最低溫度達標為供熱目標，以單一種類能源、大管網、大型熱力站及供熱系統大調度為主要特征，傳統供熱系統存在化石能源熱源占比高、管網系統規模大、熱力平衡調節困難、存在過量供熱等問題。隨著城鎮化率提升，北方城鎮供熱面積還將進一步增長。與此同時，大量南方家庭取暖的需求潛力正在快速釋放。在碳達峰、碳中和的大背景下，供熱需求“存量”的低碳轉型和“增量”的低碳供熱任重道遠，必須創新供熱方式，優化熱源結構，全面提升供熱系統技術與裝備水平，加快推動傳統供熱行業向現代供熱的轉變，構建安全、低碳、清潔、高效、智慧、經濟的供熱系統。 本文@內/容/來/自:中-國-碳^排-放-交易&*網-tan pai fang . com